THE EFFECT OF MACROGEOMETRY ON DENTAL IMPLANTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

To ensure that no failures occur in a dental implant system, it is essential to understand the influence of geometric parameters on mechanical strength. Oral rehabilitation through implants plays an important role in restoring masticatory function, aesthetics, and quality of life for patients who experience tooth loss. This study investigates elements such as design, diameters, shapes, depth, and angle of the threads, seeking to understand the impacts on the stability of osseointegrated dental implants. Osseointegration, the stable and functional union between the implant and the bone tissue, is essential for durability and stability and is influenced by macrogeometry. In this study, the objective is to examine how macrogeometry affects the stability and osseointegration of dental implants, focusing on assessing the potential for implantstability and its direct impact on the effectiveness of oral rehabilitation. This is a literature review of 15 specific articles published in the last 10 years in the PubMed and Scielo databases and specific descriptors. The results converge on the importance ofex amining in detail the characteristics of macrogeometry, including shape, thread, and implant dimensions to improve results in clinical practice. These conclusions emphasize the relevance of these factors in the effectiveness of oral rehabilitation and in improving patients’ quality of life. Therefore, the primary stability of implants is directly linked to their shape, highlighting the effectiveness of conical and hybrid shapes.